Lung Surgery Specialist in Hyderabad

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lungs. It develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably. These cells form tumors that interfere with normal lung function. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide.

Types of Lung Cancer

• Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): NSCLC accounts for about 85% of lung cancer cases. It grows slower than small cell cancer. Subtypes include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
• Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): SCLC spreads quickly and makes up about 15% of cases. It often starts in the bronchi and spreads aggressively to other organs.

Main Causes of Lung Cancer

• Smoking: Smoking is the top cause. Around 80–90% of lung cancer deaths are linked to tobacco. Even secondhand smoke increases the risk significantly.
• Environmental Exposure: Exposure to asbestos, radon gas, and air pollution can also cause lung cancer. Prolonged exposure increases the risk even without smoking.
• Genetics: A family history of lung cancer can increase susceptibility. People with certain genetic mutations face higher risk.

Warning Signs and Symptoms

Lung cancer may not show symptoms early on. As it progresses, warning signs appear, including:

• Persistent cough
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Coughing up blood
• Fatigue
• Weight loss without trying
• Frequent infections like pneumonia

Don’t ignore these symptoms. Early detection greatly improves outcomes.

How Lung Cancer Is Diagnosed

• Imaging Tests: X-rays and CT scans help locate tumors in the lungs. PET scans are used to find cancer spread.
• Biopsy: A tissue sample confirms cancer. Doctors may use bronchoscopy or needle biopsy depending on the tumor location.
• Blood Tests: Blood tests monitor general health and may detect tumor markers.

Staging Lung Cancer

Doctors classify cancer stages from 0 to IV. Early-stage cancer is limited to the lungs. Advanced-stage cancer spreads to lymph nodes or distant organs. Accurate staging helps determine the best treatment approach.

Treatment Options for Lung Cancer

• Surgery: Surgery removes the tumor if the cancer is detected early. Types include lobectomy, segmentectomy, or pneumonectomy.
• Radiation Therapy: Radiation uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. It's often used when surgery isn’t possible.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves powerful drugs that destroy cancer cells throughout the body. It's useful in advanced cases or after surgery.
• Targeted Therapy: This treatment blocks cancer cell growth using specific drugs. It’s effective for patients with certain genetic mutations.
• Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy boosts the body’s immune system to attack cancer cells. It’s increasingly used in advanced lung cancer cases.

Preventing Lung Cancer

Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke. Test your home for radon. Wear protective gear when exposed to harmful substances. Eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly. Prevention is always better than cure.

Living With Lung Cancer

A lung cancer diagnosis changes life instantly. Support groups, therapy, and open communication help patients cope. Many live longer with improved treatments and early care.

When to See a Doctor

Visit a doctor if you have a persistent cough or breathing issues. Don’t delay. Early diagnosis can save lives.